Connectors

This page will attempt to explain some of the terminology for connectors, as it can be very confusing and is fairly easy to understand once explained (at least in my opinion). This page may fit better somewhere else, but I’ll leave it under Speccing Components for now.

 

There are many more specs than you might imagine, and most are not compatible with each other. Different terminals are made for different types of connectors, and have various maximum ratings - so watch out when you’re assembling and specifying connectors.

Max Current

Typically rated form a given temperature rise, using a given gauge of wire. Also dependant on the type of crimps, as some have special plating to decrease the contact resistance.

Keying and Polarization

Keying - Features on the outside of a connector that prevent connectors with different keying patterns from being mated with each other. This could be extra slots, rounded edges, etc. Color is usually used to indicate different keying patterns.

Polarization - These features are on the inside of a connector and prevent errors while mating the connector such as misalignment. The connector will not insert unless aligned properly.

http://www.literature.molex.com/SQLImages/kelmscott/Molex/PDF_Images/987652-1865.PDF

Molex’s FiT families power connectors are polarized and keyed to virtually eliminate misalignment and significantly reduce the number of errors associated with improper installation. In the event an operator attempts to mis-mate a FiT families connector, the connector will provide tactile feedback to indicate the mating error to the user.

 

TPA - Terminal Position Assurance

https://www.molex.com/molex/products/family/microfit_30

The TPA reduces terminal back-out by providing locking redundancy; assemblers cannot insert the TPA unless terminal is properly inserted.

The TPA is shown in green in the below image.

 

ISL - Independent Secondary Locking

Similar to TPA in that it provides a secondary locking mechanism for the terminals.

 

CPI - Compliant Pin Interface

Press-fit style board mount connectors that do not require soldering. Can also be soldered after for extra safety, and this allows the connectors to stay in place once the board is flipped over to solder the connectors (provided that the board holes were sized correctly).

https://www.molex.com/molex/products/family/microfit_30

Micro-Fit 3.0 CPI (Compliant Pin) Connectors provide a compliant pin interface while maintaining all the features of the standard Micro-Fit 3.0 Connector. The robust eye-of-the-needle design provides a reliable interface when recommended board layouts are followed. The Micro-Fit 3.0 CPI Header mates with Micro-Fit 3.0 Receptacle, allowing running changes as boards transition from solder to press-fit applications. For lower applied costs, OEMs often prefer a compliant pin connector over one that requires soldering.

Points of Contact

A higher number of points of contact provide higher reliability in harsher environments and usually provide lower contact resistance.

Plating

Connectors are often plated with another metal to prevent corrosion. This corrosion happens for certain material when exposed to air - copper will oxidize and turn green very easily. Tin and Gold are often used to plate materials such as copper or brass. This plating layer is a thin layer of metal, often fractions of a micrometer (um) thick which does not corrode, oxidize, or tarnish as easily as copper.

Gold plating is the standard for high reliability connections because of its electrical resistivity and relative softness since a small layer will be scraped off each time you make a new connections, exposing a fresh, new layer of the crimp terminal.
Tin is standard as an economical alternative, though will eventually oxidize with time.

 

MBI - Blind Mate Interface

https://www.molex.com/molex/products/family/microfit_30

Micro-Fit 3.0 Blind-Mate Interface (BMI) Connectors are designed for blind-mating applications. They allow mating misalignment (per product drawing). In hard-to-reach applications, such as drawers or fan assembly trays, connectors need to be mated and unmated without being seen. Doing so can cause damage to the connector and/or terminal and consume valuable labor time.

 

RMF - Reduced Mating Force

https://www.molex.com/molex/products/family/microfit_30

Micro-Fit 3.0 RMF (Reduced Mating Force) Terminals are designed for applications needing lower engagement and disengagement forces or when the units are cycled frequently. The pre-lubricated version can be mated up to 250 times and fit into standard Micro-Fit 3.0 Housings. Applications often require rugged terminals and lower mating force to reduce operator fatigue during assembly and/or to withstand high-mating cycles.

 

Scoop Proof

http://www.literature.molex.com/SQLImages/kelmscott/Molex/PDF_Images/987652-1865.PDF

Molex’s FiT families feature scoop proof contacts designed to protect critical contacts from damage associated with mating and unmating. With a scoop proof design, contacts are protected until the mating connectors are properly aligned. Therefore, damages related to aggressive unaligned mating and unmating are virtually eliminated.

Positive Locking

A lock that is engaged when two connectors are fully mated. The lock must be disengaged before the connector can be removed.

Tang

When looking at the ultrafit connectors online, I found a new term - ‘tangless’, so I googled it. Found a great description, including extra terms that I didn’t know.

http://67-72chevytrucks.com/vboard/showthread.php?t=783039

The "tang" is the little metal tab protruding from the terminal that latches it into place inside the plastic connector shell. The "tangless" versions do not have a tang on the metal terminal and are instead held in place by a plastic latching tab inside the connector shell. A separate plastic piece called a TPA (Terminal Position Assurance) is commonly used in addition to the tang or tab to help make sure the terminals stay in place inside the connector.

With the "push to seat" type connectors, you insert the wire through the seal (for sealed connectors) and crimp the terminal onto the wire. Then insert the terminal into the back (wire entry) side of the plastic connector shell and push it until the tang or latch snaps into place. With sealed multi-wire push-to-seat connectors, each wire has it's own individual seal where it enters the connector. And with this style of connector, it is possible to extract the terminals and re-arrange the pin-out or replace a damaged plastic shell without having to cut the terminals off the wires.

With the "pull to seat" type connectors, you insert the wire through the seal, and then through the plastic connector shell before crimping the terminal into place. Then, with the terminal crimped in place, pull back on the wire until the terminal snaps into place inside the connector shell. With sealed multi-wire connectors, the pull-to-seat versions have a single seal with multiple holes (one for each wire). And with pull-to-seat connectors the terminals can still be extracted, but there is no way to re-arrange the pin-out or replace a damaged shell without having to cut the wires and install new terminals for re-assembly.

Extraction Tool

The contacts cannot be pulled directly out of the connector due to the tang on the contact that latches with the plastic. As such, an extraction tool is required in order to depress the tangs before the contact is removed.

The extraction tools are made specifically for each connector type. Pictured below is a micro fit extraction tool.

 

 

 

 

Molex Ultra Fit Terminal Test Summary: https://www.molex.com/pdm_docs/ps/1723230001-TS-000.pdf

Molex Micro Fit Terminal Test Summary: https://www.molex.com/pdm_docs/ps/PS-43045-001.pdf

Molex Fit Connector Family Reference: http://www.literature.molex.com/SQLImages/kelmscott/Molex/PDF_Images/987651-2511.PDF