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•  Equipment: ball-interfaced and anvil interface micrometer, deflectometer, conditioning chamber, environmental test chamber are recommended but not required.

• Apparatus: The machine will have a stationary and movable head, the machine should be able to indicate the total force being carried by the test specimen, it will either be a 3- or 4-point bend test. Below is what they used

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• Apparatus: Universal Testing Machine (UTM)

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Figure 1: Universal Testing Machine (UTM)

1. Condition the specimen in a chamber if the test environment is not the same as a conditioned environment.

1. Measure the length, width and thickness at three places in the specimen.

2. Place the specimeninto the test fixture

• 3-point or 4-point bend test

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Figure 3: 3-Point Bend Test

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Figure 4: 4-Point Bend Test

• Force versus crosshead displacement, force versus deflection data continuously, or at frequent intervals (around 2-3 recordings per second, with a target minimum of 100 recorded data points)

• If there are any initial failures, record force, displacement and mode of damage where the failure occurs. 

• Record mode, area and location of each failure. 

• Use the failure identification codes, shown in the figure below.

• Record the max force, failure force, head displacement and the deflection at the moment of ultimate failure. 

• For ultimate failure modes, record the mode, area and location of ultimate failure for each material. 

• Calculations:

  • For 3-Point Mid-Span Loading:

    • Core Shear Ultimate Stress

    • Core Shear Yield Stress

    • Facing StressImage AddedImage Added
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  • For 4-Point, Quarter-point loading:

    • Core Shear Ultimate Stress

    • Core Shear Yield Stress:

    • Facing Bending StressImage Added
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  • For 4-Point (Third Point) Loading:

    • Core Shear Ultimate Stress

    • Core Shear Yield Stress:

    • Facing Bending Stress:

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• 3 Force Indicator, Grips, Strain-Indicating Device, Strain transducer, Extensometer, Strain Gauge, End Tabs. 

• Tensile Testing machine with a stationary head and a movable head. 

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• Apparatus: Universal Testing Machine (UTM)

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Figure 1: Universal Testing Machine (UTM)

1. Measure the specimen in 3 places and report average thickness and width as well as average area. 

1. Place the specimen into the grips of the testing machine

2. Apply the force until failure occurs

• Equipment required:

• Micrometers/calipers

• Strain-Indicating Device

• Bonded Resistance Strain Gauges

Emery cloth

• Special Alignment Jig (pictured below)as shown in the figure below.

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• The drive mechanism will be able to give a controlled displacement rate with respect to the stationary head. 

• If the atmosphere conditions suck use a conditioning chamber and an environmental test chamber.

• Apparatus:

  • There will be a force indicator

  • The machine will have two loading heads. 

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^^^I don’t exactly know what this means (interpret pls)

• If the material is super stiff use an extensometer.  will be a compression test fixture as shown in the figures below.

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• General instructions:

  Condition specimens

  before/after strain gaging as required. Condition travelers if they will be used

• Apply strain gages/extensometers to both faces of the specimen

• The loading rate should produce a failure within 1 to 10 min. 

  • Strain-Controlled Tests, standard strain rate of 0.01 min/1 ?? I think the unit may be wrong here. I think it's supposed to be mm/min??

  • Constant Head-Speed Tests, A standard crosshead displacement of 1.5mm.min. 

• Monitor test temp by placing a thermocouple within 25mm of the specimen gauge section. You can also tape the thermocouple(s) to the test specimen and travelers. 

• Fixture Installation:

  • Place the lower wedge housing block on the lower platen, then attack the upper wedge housing block to the upper crosshead/insert it into the upper wedge housing holding fixture, centered over the lower wedge housing block. 

  • Move a crosshead to close the distance between the 2 housing blocks while guiding the bearing guide rods into the mating bearing of the companion housing block. The lower housing block can be fitted with guide rods long enough to allow the rods to remain in the bearings while the wedges or specimen assembly is loading into and out of the housing blocks. 

• Specimen Insertion:

  (if we choose to).

• Monitor test temperature using thermocouples (if we choose to).

• If needed, move the testing machine crosshead to open the distance between the 2 housing blocks so both the upper and lower wedge rip assemblies may be accessed. 

• I’m so sorry but idk how to summarize the following thing :(

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• If the specimen will be aligned with the wedge grips in the fixture housing block, the lower jaws should be raised so that grip-faces open to allow specimen insertion.

• If we need to, free the upper wedge grips so they are in the fully open position. Moving the crosshead, close the distance between the housing blocks and guide the upper end of the specimen into the opening between the upper wedge grips. 

• Close the upper grips manually to check the specimens vertical displacement. Do it with the lower grips as well. The upper grips should be in full contact with the wedge when closed. Repeat if we need to. 

• Keep the grips closed and slowly close the distance between the housing blocks by moving the crosshead, watch the force indicator at this time. Stop the crosshead when the specimen begins to take a compressive force. 

• Transducer Installation:

  If the strain-transducer(s) other than strain gages will be used, attach them to the specimen at the mid-span, mid-width location

  Attach strain transducers if they will be used. Then, attach the strain recording instrumentation to the strain gages or other transducers on the specimen. Then, remove any remaining preload and zero the transducer(s).

  Loading:

• Apply the force to the fixture at the specified rate until failure while recording data.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qfHoq9w3glE I really like this video Tommy found and I believe it should give a really good idea of the test. 

This video is a good example of this test being carried out.

• Failure modes:

  • Record them by giving a code as shown in figure 9, below:

• There are a few unacceptable failure modes including end-crushing and euler buckling. 

• Calculations:

  • Max shear stress/shear stress

  • Shear strain/max shear strain

  • Shear modulus of Elasticity

  • Offset Shear Strength

  • Various statistics

*Again, all these formulas will be in the confluence page*

• Apart from the testing apparatus, the only equipment needed is a conditioning room/desiccators

• The following is a I believe that we can use a UTM but I’m not 100% sure about it.

• A picture of the testing apparatus :

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• is shown in the figure below:

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Figure 1: 90-degree peel tester

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Figure 2: UTM I think but, this setup is a vertical peel test.

• Prep the specimen.

• Precondition the test specimen.

• Test the specimen as soon as possible after conditioning

• Place the specimen in the test apparatus

• Wait until failure

• Ummm...helpPeel Test, which is very similar to a tensile test (in my opinion). A video of this test being carried out is shown below.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m6Rd6I-XMMg

Note that none of these variables have symbols/formulas.

• No equipment listed, just apparatus:

  • The machine will have a capacity of no less than 6810kg in compression and shall be fitted with a shearing tool containing a self-aligning seat to ensure uniform lateral distribution of the load.

  • It will be able to maintain a uniform rate of loading so the load may be applied with a continuous motion. The apparatus is pictured below:

Testing apparatus shown in figure 1, below.

• At least 20 specimens should be tested, they will represent at least four different joints.

• We will have to prep the test joints:

  • They will be hard maple blocks, having a minimum specific gravity of 0.65 based on oven-dry weight and volume shall be selected. Below is a picture of the test joints and how they should be cut?

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• Prepare the test specimens.

• Place the test specimen in the apparatus.

• Apply a load onto the test specimens until failure occurs.

• I don’t really get how to explain this one to be honest help :CShearing tool/shearing tester. The following video shows what this testing apparatus looks like.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iRBkWFmCyco

Note that none of these had associated calculations/symbols

• EquipmentApparatus:

  • Desiccators

  • Conditioning chambers

• Apparatus:

  • Use a pendulum-type impact machine (pictured below).

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• Use a jig to hold the specimen as shown below.

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• Use a vise/bolts to hold the jig rigid.

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Figure 1: Pendulum-type testing apparatus

• Put the specimen in the jig that is in the vise of the machine so the specimen butts squarely against the end of the jig.

• Rest the impact head against the specimen and adjust the jig so the head fits squarely against the impact face.

• Raise the impact head and release the safety catch.

• We will then note the impact energy absorbed.

Note that none of these have symbols.

Calculation:

• No equipment is outlined, only an apparatus which is said to most likely just be a simple tensile tester like pictured below

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• UTM

• Prepare a minimum of 5 lap shear samples in each case and test.

• Prep the surface of the FRP as recommended by the adhesive manufacturer. If there is no recommendation, prep the surface as outlined in practice D2093. 

• Apply the adhesive in accordance with the adhesive suppliers recommendations. 

• Adhesive Cure—Cure Cure—Cure the adhesive at room temperature or elevated temperature using prescribed conditions determined by the adhesive supplier.

• The initial grip separation is 75mm, with a minimum of 25.4mm of each sample end held in the test grips.

• The load rate is 13mm/min. 

• This load rate is said to be an important difference compared to other standards. 

• Condition the test specimens

• Place specimens in UTM

• Wait for failure