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nameEA E120HP-EN.pdf

To do list for Fall 2020:

  •  Find sufficient test materials (steel and CFRP)
  •  Buy degreasing solvents from Home Depot in Waterloo
  •  Machine test specimens
  •  Prepare test specimens
  •  Ask or email professors about using tensile test machines
  •  Record and plot results
  •  Make conclusions about true adhesive strength and effect of surface preparation on adhesive strength

Goals for Material Testing:

  • Validate adhesive strength, i.e. compare technical data sheet values with our manufactured values

  • Determining how much adhesive is required per surface area bonded

  • Determining the necessity of a degreasing solvent, i.e. a surface preparation technique

  • Determining the necessity of abrasion, i.e. a surface preparation technique

Research Phase of Material Testing

...

Single Lap Shear Test: (D1002, ISO 4587)

http://www.adhesivestoolkit.com/Docs/test/MECHANICAL%20TEST%20METHOD%201%20-%20Shear%20Tests.xtp#_Toc109014547

Specimen Preparation:

  • Two rectangular sections that are 25 mm wide, 100 mm long and 1.6 mm thick 

  • An overlap length of 25 mm.

  • Fixture is used to ensure correct overlap and accurate alignment of the adherend.

...

Testing Procedures:

  • Prepare at least 3 9 adhesive joint specimens following procedures from the product’s technical data sheet

    • 3 adhesive joints should be prepared without any significant surface preparation technique

    • 3 adhesive joints should be prepared using degreasing solvent

    • 3 adhesive joints should be prepared using degreasing solvent and abrasion

  • Place onto tensile testing machine and load until failure

  • Record stress and calculate an average overlap shear strength

  • Review data to check any abnormalities in data, these may suggest poor specimen preparation

...

  • For best performance, part surfaces should be clean and free of grease

  • Steel:

    • Trichloroethylene is a common degreasing agent for steel

  • Carbon fibre:

    • Trichloroethylene is a common degreasing agent for thermoset plastics

    • acetone, or methyl ethyl ketone is an alternative

Research on Trichloroethylene (TCE):Note: More information on surface preparation can be found here.

  • Used a solvent for metal degreasing, as a refrigerant, and in dry cleaning fluid

  • TCE poses a human health hazard to the central nervous system, kidney, liver, immune system, reproductive system, and to the developing fetus

  • TCE is characterized as carcinogenic to humans by all routes of exposure (i.e., by inhalation, ingestion, and dermal exposure) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Research on other off-the-shelf degreasing solvents options:

These products lack sufficient technical data sheet to fully validate its compatibility with our material. Its product description suggest that they are usable on a large variety of materials. Any of the options below should be sufficient. It will come down to what products are in-stock during the moment of purchase. Material testing will also be used to investigate the effectiveness and overall necessity of degreasing solvents for adhesive bonding.

Note: Learn more about surface preparation here.

Material Selection:

  • Technical Data Sheet uses: Steel (grit blasted)

  • We will use any regular steel and it will not be grit blasted due to limited resources.

    • Steel can be found from scrap resources or from E3

Potential Improvements to Design if Results Show Insufficient Adhesive Strength:

  • Controlling bond line thickness by using physical limiters such as a jig, or introducing spacer beads into the adhesive mix