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This is the movement of electrons, and electrons are the charge carriers of a circuit. Current has some amplitude(some number strength), and some direction. Note that we denote conventional current flow to be in the opposite direction of electron flow(this is just been done for many yearssimply a standard). Current in simple terms, states the number of electrons travelling per second.
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As electrons flow through conductors and into some electrical load, that circuit will dissipate some power. Recall from Physics that Power is the rate that Energy/Work is done. This makes sense, as electrons have some potential energy to move some unit charge(Thats that's the definition of electrical potential), so that means there is some work done to move that charge. Mathematically,
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Or if you want to rearrange using Ohm’s Law, using only current and resistance
P = I2 x R
P = V2 / R
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Kirchoff's Current/Voltage Laws
Recall that Electrical Current relates to the flow of charges) and Electric Potential(Voltage) relates to energy. Using this information, we can analyse circuits
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Typically, we saw a lot of different types of circuits, and you probably see the terms “analog and digital circuits” thrown around a lot. The motivation of a circuit or a system is to process information or energy. Processing information usually includes : Information Translation, Storage or Computation.
The following table highlights the major differences between analog circuits and digital circuits :
Parameter | Analog Circuit | Digital Circuit |
|---|---|---|
Definition | Circuit that processes analog signals | Circuit that processes digital signals, defined by voltage levels(0’s and 1’s Binary) |
Input Signal | Input is a continuous time signal/analog signal | Input is a discrete time signal(happens at discrete intervals) |
Output Signal | Produces Analog Signals | Outputs digital signals |
Components | Uses Resistors/Inductors/Capacitors | Uses Logic Gates(CMOS/TTL usually) |
Conversion | Often doesn’t require signal conversion | Often requires ADC(Analog Digital Converter) or DAC(Digital Analog Converter) to interface |
Noise Immunity | More susceptible to noise | More immune(not completely immune) |
Power Consumption | Generally consumes more power | Relatively little power consumption |
Form of Information Storage | Stores information in the form of waves | Information stored in binary(data bits) |
Logical Operations | Relatively complex to perform efficiently | Logical operations are fundamental and easy(AND, OR, NAND, XOR |