Versions Compared

Version Old Version 11 New Version Current
Changes made by

Maciek Pajak

Tommy Tran

Saved on

Key

  • This line was added.
  • This line was removed.
  • Formatting was changed.

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

Table of Contents

ASTM C393_Standard Test Method for Shear Strength

Specimen is rectangular in cross-section
Expand
titleTest Specimen Sampling and Geometry
Requirements

  • Length x Width x Depth - 200 mm x 75 mm x Thickness of Sandwich Construction

  • Make sure to test at least five specimens per test condition unless you are confident that the results obtained are valid through the use of fewer specimens.

Expand
titleEquipment and Apparatus:

  • Apparatus: Universal Testing Machine (UTM) with a deflection transducer, as shown in the figure below.

Image Removed

Image Added

Figure 1: Universal Testing Machine (UTM)

Image Removed

Figure 2: Deflection transducer setup in a 3-point bend test

Expand
titleProcedure:

  1. Condition the specimen in a chamber if the test environment is not the same as a conditioned environment.

  2. Measure the length, width and thickness at three places in the specimen.

  3. Place the specimeninto the test fixture as shown in the equipment and apparatus section.

  4. Attach the deflection transducer (if we choose to use one).

  5. Apply a compressive force to the specimen until failure or until a deflection equal to the thickness is reached.

Variable

Quantity

Load rate

6mm/min

Failure occurence

3-6 minutes

Support bar separation

150 mm

Expand
titleBasic Description:

  • 3-point or 4-point bend test

Image RemovedImage Added

Figure 3: 3-Point Bend Test

Image RemovedImage Added

Figure 4: 4-Point Bend Test

Expand
titleReported during the test:

  • Force versus crosshead displacement, force versus deflection data continuously, or at frequent intervals (around 2-3 recordings per second, with a target minimum of 100 recorded data points)

  • If there are any initial failures, record force, displacement and mode of damage where the failure occurs. 

  • Record mode, area and location of each failure. 

  • Use the failure identification codes, shown in the figure below.

  • Record the max force, failure force, head displacement and the deflection at the moment of ultimate failure. 

  • For ultimate failure modes, record the mode, area and location of ultimate failure for each material. 

  • Calculations:

    • For 3-Point Mid-Span Loading:

      • Image RemovedImage RemovedImage AddedImage Added
      • Image RemovedImage Added
      • Image RemovedImage Added

    • For 4-Point, Quarter-point loading:

      • Image RemovedImage Added
      • Image RemovedImage Added
      • Image RemovedImage Added

    • For 4-Point (Third Point) Loading:

      • Image RemovedImage Added
      • Image RemovedImage Added
      • Image RemovedImage Added

ASTM D3039_Standard Test Methods for Tensile Properties

Expand
titleTest Specimen Sampling and GeometryRequirements

  • Test at least 5 specimens

Expand
titleEquipment and Apparatus:

  • Apparatus: Universal Testing Machine (UTM)

Image Added

Figure 1: Universal Testing Machine (UTM)

Expand
titleProcedure:

  1. Measure the specimen in 3 places and report average thickness and width as well as average area. 

  2. Place the specimen into the grips of the testing machine

  3. Apply the force until failure occurs

Variable

Quantity

Failure occurence

1 to 10 min

Head displacement

2mm/min

Expand
titleBasic Description:

  • Tensile Test

...

 ASTM D3410_Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Polymer Matric Composite Materials

Expand
titleTest Specimen Requirements
Image AddedImage Added

  • Test at least 5 specimens

Expand
titleEquipment and Apparatus:

  • Equipment required:

    • Special Alignment Jig as shown in the figure below.

  • Apparatus will be a compression test fixture as shown in the figures below.

Image RemovedImage Added
Expand
titleProcedure:

  • Get ready because this is a HEFTYYY procedure 

  • General instructions:

    Condition specimens

    before/after strain gaging as required. Condition travelers if they will be used

  • Apply strain gages/extensometers to both faces of the specimen

  • The loading rate should produce a failure within 1 to 10 min. 

    • Strain-Controlled Tests, standard strain rate of 0.01 min/1 ?? I think the unit may be wrong here. I think it's supposed to be mm/min??

    • Constant Head-Speed Tests, A standard crosshead displacement of 1.5mm.min. 

  • Monitor test temp by placing a thermocouple within 25mm of the specimen gauge section. You can also tape the thermocouple(s) to the test specimen and travelers. 

  • Fixture Installation:

    • Place the lower wedge housing block on the lower platen, then attack the upper wedge housing block to the upper crosshead/insert it into the upper wedge housing holding fixture, centered over the lower wedge housing block. 

    • Move a crosshead to close the distance between the 2 housing blocks while guiding the bearing guide rods into the mating bearing of the companion housing block. The lower housing block can be fitted with guide rods long enough to allow the rods to remain in the bearings while the wedges or specimen assembly is loading into and out of the housing blocks. 

  • Specimen Insertion:

    (if we choose to).

  • Monitor test temperature using thermocouples (if we choose to).

  • If needed, move the testing machine crosshead to open the distance between the 2 housing blocks so both the upper and lower wedge rip assemblies may be accessed. 

  • I’m so sorry but idk how to summarize the following thing :(

Image Removed

  • If the specimen will be aligned with the wedge grips in the fixture housing block, the lower jaws should be raised so that grip-faces open to allow specimen insertion.

  • If we need to, free the upper wedge grips so they are in the fully open position. Moving the crosshead, close the distance between the housing blocks and guide the upper end of the specimen into the opening between the upper wedge grips. 

  • Close the upper grips manually to check the specimens vertical displacement. Do it with the lower grips as well. The upper grips should be in full contact with the wedge when closed. Repeat if we need to. 

  • Keep the grips closed and slowly close the distance between the housing blocks by moving the crosshead, watch the force indicator at this time. Stop the crosshead when the specimen begins to take a compressive force. 

  • Transducer Installation:

    If the strain-transducer(s) other than strain gages will be used, attach them to the specimen at the mid-span, mid-width location

    Attach strain transducers if they will be used. Then, attach the strain recording instrumentation to the strain gages or other transducers on the specimen. Then, remove any remaining preload and zero the transducer(s).

  • Loading:

    Apply the force to the fixture at the specified rate until failure while recording data.

Variable

Quantity

Strain Rate

0.01 min-1

Crosshead Displacement

1.5 mm/min

Failure occurence

1-10 min

Expand
titleBasic Description:

This video is a good example of this test being carried out.

Expand
titleReported during test:

  • Failure modes:

    • Record them by giving a code as shown in figure 9, below:


  • There are a few unacceptable failure modes including end-crushing and euler buckling. Calculations:

Variable

Symbol

Compressive Stress/ Ultimate Compressive Stress

.

F cu

Compressive

Strain and

strain/ Ultimate Compression Strain

. 

Ɛi c

Compressive Modulus of Elasticity

  • Compressive Poisson’s Ratio

  • Transition Strain

  • The following should be noted:

    • Ultimate compressive strength

    • Ultimate compressive strain

    • Compressive (linear or chord) modulus of elasticity

    • Poisson’s ratio in compression

    • Transition strain

    • *remember all these formulas will be in the astm document for finding the above values*

    E chord

    Compressive Poison’s ratio

    v c

    Transition Strain

    μ E

    ASTM D3518_Standard Test Method for In-Plane Shear Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials by Tensile Test

    Expand
    titleTest Specimen Sampling and GeometryRequirements

    • Test at least five specimens per test condition

    • Same as ASTM D3039 standard along with the following:

    ...

    Expand
    titleReported during test:

    Variable

    Symbol

    Max Shear Stress

    t12m

    Shear Stress

    t12i

    Shear Strain

    y12i

    Max Shear Strain

    y12m

    Shear Modulus of Elasticity

    G12chord

    Offset Shear Strength

    F12o

    *Again, all these formulas will be in the confluence page*

    ASTM D903_Standard Test Method for Peel or Stripping Strength of Adhesive Bonds

    Expand
    titleTest Specimen Sampling and Geometry

    •   The above is the diagram of the geometry

    • Test at least 10 test specimens for each adhesive.

    • Discard specimens that give out-of-line test results due to obvious flaws and then retest.

    Expand
    titleEquipment and Apparatus:

    • Apart from the testing apparatus, the only equipment needed is a conditioning room/desiccators

    • The following is a I believe that we can use a UTM but I’m not 100% sure about it.

    • A picture of the testing apparatus is shown in the figure below:

    Image Added

    Figure 1:

    Image Removed90-degree peel tester

    Image Added

    Figure 2: UTM I think but, this setup is a vertical peel test.

    • Hehe…remember this…yeah it still makes no sense :C

    Image RemovedImage Removed
    Expand
    titleProcedure:

    • Prep the specimen.

    • Precondition the test specimen.

    • Test the specimen as soon as possible after conditioning

    • Place the specimen in the test apparatus

    • Wait until failure

    Variable

    Quantity

    Grip Separation

    About 1 Inch

    Stripping angle

    180 degrees.

    Expand
    titleBasic Description:

    • Ummm...helpPeel Test, which is very similar to a tensile test (in my opinion). A video of this test being carried out is shown below.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m6Rd6I-XMMg

    Expand
    titleReported during test:
    These are the only values needed to be reported (they don’t seem like they’re calculations)

    Note that none of these variables have symbols/formulas.

    Variable

    Average peel/stripping strength

    .

    Max and Min strength values of the series

    .

    Type of

    failure.

    failire

    ASTM D905_Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading (for adhesives on wood)

    Expand
    titleTest Specimen Sampling and Geometry:Requirements

    • Will conform to the following geometry:

    • At least 20 specimens shall be tested, representing at least four different joints

    Expand
    titleEquipment and Apparatus:

    • No equipment listed, just apparatus:

      • The machine will have a capacity of no less than 6810kg in compression and shall be fitted with a shearing tool containing a self-aligning seat to ensure uniform lateral distribution of the load.

      • It will be able to maintain a uniform rate of loading so the load may be applied with a continuous motion. The apparatus is pictured below:

    Testing apparatus shown in figure 1, below.

    Expand
    titleProcedure:

    • At least 20 specimens should be tested, they will represent at least four different joints.

    • We will have to prep the test joints:

      • They will be hard maple blocks, having a minimum specific gravity of 0.65 based on oven-dry weight and volume shall be selected. Below is a picture of the test joints and how they should be cut?

    Image RemovedImage Removed

    • Prepare the test specimens.

    • Place the test specimen in the apparatus.

    • Apply a load onto the test specimens until failure occurs.

    Variable

    Quantity

    Load Rate

    5 mm/min

    Specific Gravity of maple blocks

    0.65

    Expand
    titleBasic Description:

    • I don’t really get how to explain this one to be honest help :CShearing tool/shearing tester. The following video shows what this testing apparatus looks like.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iRBkWFmCyco

    Calculations:
    Expand
    titleReported during test:

    Note that none of these had associated calculations/symbols

    Variable

    Shear

    stress

    Stress at failure

    .

    Max and min shear stress at failure and percentages of wood failure

    .

    The standard

    Standard deviation of all individual test values

    .

    Average shear stress at failure and the average percentage of wood failure.

    ASTM D950_Standard Test Method for Impact Strength of Adhesive Bonds

    Expand
    titleTest Specimen Sampling and Geometry:Requirements

    • Use these dimensions if you can:

    • Test 10 test specimens for each adhesive

    Expand
    titleEquipment and Apparatus:

    • EquipmentApparatus:

      • Desiccators

      • Conditioning chambers

    • Apparatus:

      • Use a pendulum-type impact machine (pictured below).

    Image Removed

    • Use a jig to hold the specimen as shown below.

    Image Removed

    • Use a vise/bolts to hold the jig rigid.

    Image Added

    Figure 1: Pendulum-type testing apparatus

    Expand
    titleProcedure:

    • Put the specimen in the jig that is in the vise of the machine so the specimen butts squarely against the end of the jig.

    • Rest the impact head against the specimen and adjust the jig so the head fits squarely against the impact face.

    • Raise the impact head and release the safety catch.

    • We will then note the impact energy absorbed.

    Expand
    titleBasic Description:

    • A pendulum will fall and hit our specimen and test the adhesive strengthPendulum-type test

    Expand
    titleReported during test:


    Note that none of these have symbols.

    Variable

    Joules of energy absorbed in producing failure of the specimen

    Percentages of cohesion, adhesion, and contact failure. This will be based on visual inspection. 

    Calculation:

    Impact strength of the specimen over the bonded area. 

    *the calculations will be available in the confluence page*

    ASTM D5868_Standard Test Method for Lap Shear Adhesion for Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Bonding

  • Substrates—Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) as specified, with metal composition (heat treat, temper, and condition) and roughness as specified when bonding FRP to metal. (I don’t know what this means)

  • Cut fiber-reinforced plastic parts into flat coupons 1 by 4 in. (25.4 by 100 mm) at a nominal thickness of 0.1 in. (2.5 mm). In the case of FRP-to-metal bonding, use metal with a nominal thickness of 0.06 in. (1.5 mm). It is recommended that a diamond tip water-cooled saw blade be used, or a cutting method capable of producing sharp cut edges.

  • Joint Geometry—Control joint geometry by appropriate fixturing, using glass beads or other suitable means to control a 0.03-in. (0.76-mm) adhesive bondline thickness. Use the minimum number of glass beads in the glue line needed to hold bondline thickness. Fixturing pressure is allowed. Lap shear overlap will be 1 by 1 in. (25.4 by 25.4 mm) See Figure 1 below.

    • Expand
    titleGeometry:
    Test Specimen Requirements

    • Prepare a minimum of 5 lap shear samples in each case and test.

    • See figure 1 below for the recommended geometry of the lap shear samples

    Expand
    titleEquipment and Apparatus:

    • No equipment is outlined, only an apparatus which is said to most likely just be a simple tensile tester like pictured below

    Image Removed

    • UTM

    Prepare a minimum of 5 lap shear samples in each case and test.
    Expand
    titleProcedure:

    • Prep the surface of the FRP as recommended by the adhesive manufacturer. If there is no recommendation, prep the surface as outlined in practice D2093. 

    • Apply the adhesive in accordance with the adhesive suppliers recommendations. 

    • Adhesive Cure—Cure Cure—Cure the adhesive at room temperature or elevated temperature using prescribed conditions determined by the adhesive supplier.

    • The initial grip separation is 75mm, with a minimum of 25.4mm of each sample end held in the test grips.

    • The load rate is 13mm/min. 

    • This load rate is said to be an important difference compared to other standards. Condition the test specimens

    • Place specimens in UTM

    • Wait for failure

    Variable

    Quantity

    Grip Separation

    75mm

    load rate

    13mm/min

    Expand
    titleBasic Description:

    • Tensile test.

    Expand
    titleReported during test:

  • Complete identification of the adhesive tested, this includes the type and manufacturers code number. 

    • Complete identification of the substrates used. This includes the type of resin and fiber orientation as well as the method of surface prep prior to bonding.

    Note that none of the following are calculations

    Variable

    Cure schedule time and temperature for bonding sample. 

    Individual peak load values, and averages by maximum and minimum values.

    Test temperature and conditions.

    Type of failure whether it be fiber tear, cohesive, adhesive.