Overview

Inboard suspension is a configuration where the shock is not directly connected to the control arms or uprights. Instead a pushrod connects the lower control arm to a rocker which then rotates to compress the shock.

There are a number of different ways to configure the shock position with inboard suspension:

Advantages

There are a number of benefits to having inboard suspension, making it a very popular choice for F1 and other race cars:

It is easier to get access to the shocks to tune the suspension stiffness if they are not blocked by the wheels (this assumes you can remove panels from the vehicle)
It is much easier to control the load paths as forces "flow" through the space frame. As seen above there are a number of different configurations possible; thus allowing the flexibility to design from maximum torsional stiffness.
The addition of the pushrod/rocker geometry allows the wheel travel to be decoupled from he suspension travel. For example, a desert trucks can get 48" of wheel travel with 24" or less shocks, while Formula cars use 6" travel shocks to get 2" at the wheel.
Inboard shocks can be more aerodynamic

Disadvantages

Slightly more complicated (more moving parts)
Possibly a slightly higher centre of gravity

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