Fundamental Difference in in the Cathodes:
Li-ion batteries use lithium-doped cobalt oxide in the cathode to store lithium ions [2].
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Li-S batteries use Sulfur in the cathode to store lithium ions [3].
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*Left to right for discharging, right to left for charging*
Lithium-sulfur
Previously:
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[2] https://busycontinent.com/li-s-energy-ipo-to-commercialise-lithium-sulphur-battery-technology/
Research doc: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1G-2JSGkFClgKntsU9nRUn5EJfz5LqiOg_uemWq6tjvE/edit?usp=sharing