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ASTM Testing Standards

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titleEquipment and Apparatus:
  • Apparatus: Universal Testing Machine (UTM) with a deflection transducer, pictured below

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  • as shown in the figure below.

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Figure 1: Universal Testing Machine (UTM)

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Figure 2: Deflection transducer setup in a 3-point bend test

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titleProcedure:

  1. Condition the specimen in a chamber if the test environment is not the same as a conditioned environment.

  2. Measure the length, width and thickness at three places in the specimen.

  3. Place the specimeninto the test fixture as shown in the equipment and apparatus section.

  4. Attach the deflection transducer.

  5. Apply a compressive force to the specimen until failure or until a deflection equal to the thickness is reached.

Speed of Testing =

Variable

Quantity

Load rate

6mm/min

Failure

should occur at

occurence

3-6 minutes

.

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titleBasic Description:
  • 3-point or 4-point bend test

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Figure 3: 3-Point Bend Test

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Figure 4: 4-Point Bend Test

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titleReported during the test:
  • Force versus crosshead displacement, force versus deflection data continuously, or at frequent intervals (around 2-3 recordings per second, with a target minimum of 100 recorded data points)

  • If there are any initial failures, record force, displacement and mode of damage where the failure occurs. 

  • Record mode, area and location of each failure. 

  • Use the failure identification codes

  • Record the max force, failure force, head displacement and the deflection at the moment of ultimate failure. 

  • For ultimate failure modes, record the mode, area and location of ultimate failure for each material. 

  • Calculations:

    • For 3-Point Mid-Span Loading:

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    • For 4-Point, Quarter-point loading:

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    • For 4-Point (Third Point) Loading:

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ASTM D3039_Standard Test Methods for Tensile Properties

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titleTest Specimen Sampling and Geometry
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  • Test at least 5 specimens

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titleEquipment and Apparatus:
  • 3 Force Indicator, Grips, Strain-Indicating Device, Strain transducer, Extensometer, Strain Gauge, End Tabs. 

  • Tensile Testing machine with a stationary head and a movable head. 

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  • UTM

Test at least 5 specimens
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titleProcedure:
  1. Measure the specimen in 3 places and report average thickness and width as well as average area. 

The speed of testing should be able to have a nearly constant strain rate and it will produce failure within

Variable

Quantity

Failure occurence

1 to 10 min

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titleBasic Description:
  • Tensile Test

  • Calculate modulus of elasticity

  • Calculate ultimate tensile strength. 

  • If tensile modulus/ultimate tensile strain will be calculated, get the tensile strain at the indicated displacement at each required data point. 
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    titleReported during test:

    Variable

    Symbol

    Percent Bending

    By

    Ultimate Tensile Strength

    F tu

    Tensile Strain at ith Data Point

    Ɛi

    Tensile chord modulus of elasticity

    .

    Echord

    Poisson’s Ratio by Chord Method

    .*All these equations are found in the confluence page*

    v

     ASTM D3410_Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Polymer Matric Composite Materials

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    titleTest Specimen Sampling and Geometry
    • Sampling—Test at least five specimens per test condition unless valid results can be gained through the use of fewer specimens

    • The test specimen will have a constant rectangular cross section with a specimen width variation of no more than 1% and a specimen thickness variation of no more than 2%, the tables below give more detail.

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    titleEquipment and Apparatus:
    • Equipment required:

    • Micrometers/calipers

    • Strain-Indicating Device

    • Bonded Resistance Strain Gauges

      • Emery cloth

      • Special Alignment Jig (pictured below)

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    • Compression Testing Fixture(pictured below are schematics and the actual fixture)

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    • Apparatus:

      • There will be a force indicator

      • The machine will have two loading heads. 

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    ^^^I don’t exactly know what this means (interpret pls)

    • The drive mechanism will be able to give a controlled displacement rate with respect to the stationary head. 

    • If the atmosphere conditions suck use a conditioning chamber and an environmental test chamber.

    • If the material is super stiff use an extensometer. 
      • as shown in the figure below.

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    • Apparatus will be a compression test fixture

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    Test at least five specimens per test condition
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    titleProcedure:

    • Get ready because this is a HEFTYYY procedure 

    • General instructions:

      • Condition specimens before/after strain gaging as required. Condition travelers if they will be used

      • Apply strain gages/extensometers to both faces of the specimen

      • The loading rate should produce a failure within 1 to 10 min. 

        • Strain-Controlled Tests, standard strain rate of 0.01 min/1 ?? I think the unit may be wrong here. I think it's supposed to be mm/min??

        • Constant Head-Speed Tests, A standard crosshead displacement of 1.5mm.min. 

      • Monitor test temp by placing a thermocouple within 25mm of the specimen gauge section. You can also tape the thermocouple(s) to the test specimen and travelers. 

    • Fixture Installation:

      • Place the lower wedge housing block on the lower platen, then attack the upper wedge housing block to the upper crosshead/insert it into the upper wedge housing holding fixture, centered over the lower wedge housing block. 

      • Move a crosshead to close the distance between the 2 housing blocks while guiding the bearing guide rods into the mating bearing of the companion housing block. The lower housing block can be fitted with guide rods long enough to allow the rods to remain in the bearings while the wedges or specimen assembly is loading into and out of the housing blocks. 

    • Specimen Insertion:

      • If needed, move the testing machine crosshead to open the distance between the 2 housing blocks so both the upper and lower wedge rip assemblies may be accessed. 

      • I’m so sorry but idk how to summarize the following thing :(

    • If the specimen will be aligned with the wedge grips in the fixture housing block, the lower jaws should be raised so that grip-faces open to allow specimen insertion.

    • If we need to, free the upper wedge grips so they are in the fully open position. Moving the crosshead, close the distance between the housing blocks and guide the upper end of the specimen into the opening between the upper wedge grips. 

    • Close the upper grips manually to check the specimens vertical displacement. Do it with the lower grips as well. The upper grips should be in full contact with the wedge when closed. Repeat if we need to. 

    • Keep the grips closed and slowly close the distance between the housing blocks by moving the crosshead, watch the force indicator at this time. Stop the crosshead when the specimen begins to take a compressive force. 

    • Transducer Installation:

      • If the strain-transducer(s) other than strain gages will be used, attach them to the specimen at the mid-span, mid-width location. Then, attach the strain recording instrumentation to the strain gages or other transducers on the specimen. Then, remove any remaining preload and zero the transducer(s).

    • Loading:

      • Apply the force to the fixture at the specified rate until failure while recording data.

    ...

    Will be the same as the above
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    titleTest Specimen Sampling and Geometry
    • Test at least five specimens per test condition

    • Same as ASTM D3039 standard along with the following:

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    titleEquipment and Apparatus:
    • Same as ASTM D3039

    Test at least five specimens per test condition
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    titleProcedure:
    • Same as ASTM D3039 as well as:

      • This test will have normal strain instrumentation in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. It will also have a continuous/nearly continuous force normal strain data recording. 

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    titleBasic Description:
    • Same as ASTM D3039.Tensile Test

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    titleReported during test:

    Calculations:

  • Max shear stress/shear stress

  • Shear strain/max shear strain

  • Shear modulus of Elasticity

  • Offset Shear Strength

  • Various statistics

    Variable

    Symbol

    Max Shear Stress

    t12m

    Shear Stress

    t12i

    Shear Strain

    y12i

    Max Shear Strain

    y12m

    Shear Modulus of Elasticity

    G12chord

    Offset Shear Strength

    F12o

    *Again, all these formulas will be in the confluence page*

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